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ozoneThe Columbia Encyclopedia. Copyright © 2001-09 Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
- ozone layer
Ozone layer or ozonosphere, region of the stratosphere containing relatively high concentrations of ozone, located at altitudes of 12–30 mi (19–48 km) above the earth's surface. Ozone in the o...
- Montreal Protocol
Montreal Protocol, officially the Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer, treaty signed on Sept. 16, 1987, at Montreal by 25 nations; 168 nations are now parties to the accord. Th...
- Crutzen, Paul Jozef
Crutzen, Paul Jozef, 1933–, Dutch atmospheric chemist, grad. Univ. of Stockholm (Ph.D. 1968, D.Sc. 1973). After working (1977–80) for the National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Col...
- Schönbein, Christian Friedrich
Schönbein, Christian Friedrich, 1799–1868, German chemist. From 1828 he taught at the Univ. of Basel (as professor from 1835). He discovered ozone (1840) and, through his work on nitrocellulos...
- chlorofluorocarbons
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), organic compounds that contain carbon, chlorine, and fluorine atoms. CFCs are highly effective refrigerants that were developed in response to the pressing need to ...
- Molina, Mario
Molina, Mario, 1943–, Mexican chemist, Ph.D. Univ. of California, Berkeley, 1972. Molina was a professor at the Univ. of California, Irvine from 1975 to 1982 and a researcher at the Jet Propul...
- Rowland, Frank Sherwood
Rowland, Frank Sherwood, 1927–, American chemist, b. Delaware, Ohio, Ph.D. Univ. of Chicago, 1952. Rowland taught at Princeton from 1952 to 1956 and at the Univ. of Kansas from 1956 to 1964. H...
- stratosphere
Stratosphere, second lowest layer of the earth's atmosphere. The level from which it extends outward varies with latitude; it begins c.51/2 mi (9 km) above the poles, c.6 or 7 mi (c.10 or 11 k...
- Rydz-Śmigły, Edward
Rydz-Śmigły or Śmigły-Rydz, Edward, 1886–1941, Polish politician. He served under Piłsudski in the Polish Legions (1914–17), in the war with Soviet Russia (1920), and in the coup of 1926. At P...
- allotropy
Allotropy [Gr.,=other form]. A chemical element is said to exhibit allotropy when it occurs in two or more forms in the same physical state; the forms are called allotropes. Allotropes general...
