Military law, system of rules established for the government of persons in the armed forces. In most countries the legislature establishes the code of military law. It is distinguished from bo...

Criminal law, the branch of law that defines crimes, treats of their nature, and provides for their punishment. A tort is a civil wrong committed against an individual; a crime, on the other h...

Zia ul-Haq, Mohammad, 1924–88, Pakistani military and political leader. Named general and chief of staff by Zulfikar Ali Bhutto in 1976, he declared martial law in July, 1977, in response to a...

Military government, rule of enemy territory under military occupation. It is distinguished from martial law, which is the temporary rule by domestic armed forces over disturbed areas. The pra...

Phenix City, city (1990 pop. 25,312), a seat of Russell co., E Ala., on the Chattahoochee River opposite Columbus, Ga., in a cotton area; inc. 1883. Textiles are manufactured there. In 1954 th...

Front de Libération du Québec (FLQ), Canadian separatist group formed in the 1960s to bring about the independence of Quebec, which has a French heritage, from the rest of Canada, which has a ...

Jaruzelski, Wojciech, 1923–, Polish military and political leader. He fought in World War II, became a general in 1956, and began his rise in the Communist party in 1960. During the 1981 crisi...

Chun Doo Hwan, 1931–, Korean military leader, president of South Korea (1980–88). An army officer, Chun rose to power in a coup following the murder (1979) of South Korean President Park Chung...

Gwangju or Kwangju, city (1995 pop. 1,257,504), metropolitan city located in but independent of South Jeolla (Cholla) prov., SW South Korea, in the Yeongsan (Yongsan) River lowland. A regional...

Milligan, ex parte, case decided by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1866. By authorization of Congress, President Lincoln in 1863 suspended the writ of habeas corpus in cases where military officers...