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Columbia Encyclopedia entry: linen
Linen, fabric or yarn made from the fiber of flax, probably the first vegetable fiber known to people. Linens more than 3,500 years old have been recovered from Egyptian tombs. Phoenician traders marketed linen in Mediterranean ports. Worn by Egyptian, Greek, and Jewish priests as a symbol of purity, it also typified luxury as in the phrase purple and fine linen. Flax was cultivated by the Romans and introduced by them into N Europe. The production of linen was encouraged by Charlemagne, and linen became the principal European textile of the Middle Ages. Flanders has been renowned from the 11th cent. for its creamy flax and fine thread. French Huguenots excelled in working flax and carried the art abroad, notably to Ireland, where Louis Crommelin established (c.1699) a manufactory at Lisburn, near Belfast. Ireland is still the largest producer of fine linen, with Belgium, Japan, and Russia producing somewhat lesser amounts. The first flax-spinning mill was opened in England in 1787, but only in 1812 was linen successfully woven with power looms. The industry suffered in relation to cotton because many textile inventions were not applicable to linen, the inelasticity of the fiber causing it to break readily under tension. Although linen exceeds cotton in coolness, luster, strength, and length of fiber, the expense of production limits its use. After the flax fiber is removed from the stems, it is delivered to the mills, where it is hackled to separate and straighten the fibers, overlapped on a spreadboard to form a continuous ribbon, drawn out through rollers, then wound from the roving frame on bobbins in a loosely twisted thread. For fine goods the thread is usually spun wet. Linen may be bleached in the yarn or in the piece. It is woven into fabrics ranging from heavy canvas to sheer handkerchief linen.
Wikipedia search results for: Linen
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Linen is a textile made from the fibers of the flax plant, Linum usitatissimum. Linen is labor-intensive to manufacture, but when it is made into garments, it is valued for its exceptional coolness and freshness in hot weather. Textiles in a linen-weave texture, even when made of cotton, hemp and other non-flax fibers are also loosely referred to as "linen". Such fabrics generally have their own specific names other than linen; for example, fine cotton yarn in a linen-style weave is called Madapolam. The collective term "linens" is still often used generically to describe a class of woven and even knitted bed, bath, table and kitchen textiles. The...more »
Columbia Encyclopedia search results: linen
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  • Kovrov

    Kovrov, city (1989 pop. 160,000), central European Russia, on the Klyazma River. Kovrov is an industrial center that produces excavating machines, linen textiles, and machine tools.

  • Trutnov

    Trutnov, Ger. Trautenau, city (1991 pop. 31,999), N central Czech Republic, in Bohemia, near the Polish border. It is a center of the Czech linen industry.

  • Lisburn

    Lisburn, town (1991 pop. 40,391) and district, E Northern Ireland, on the Lagan River. The town's chief industry, linen manufacture, was introduced by the Huguenots after the revocation of the...

  • textiles

    Textiles, all fabrics made by weaving, felting, knitting, braiding, or netting, from the various textile fibers (see fiber). Textiles are classified according to their component fibers into si...

  • ephod

    Ephod, sacred linen garment worn by the high priests of Israel. It was in two parts—one covering the back, one the front of the body to the hips—and was fastened at the shoulders by two clasps...

  • Ballymena

    Ballymena, town (1991 pop. 28,166) and district, NE Northern Ireland, on the Braid River. Linen, woolen goods, synthetic fibers, carpets, and tobacco are produced in the town. According to tra...

  • Daimiel

    Daimiel, town (1990 pop. 17,312), Ciudad Real prov., central Spain, in Castile–La Mancha. It is an important farm center, with industries producing metal, linen, and alcoholic beverages. The t...

  • diadem

    Diadem, in ancient times, the fillet of silk, wool, or linen tied about the head of a king, queen, or priest as a distinguishing mark. Later, it was a band of gold, which gave rise to the crow...

  • damask

    Damask [from Damascus], fabric of silk, wool, linen, cotton, or man-made fibers, with a pattern formed by the weaving; e.g., the ground may be in twill weave, and the contrasting design in sat...

  • Akhmim

    Akhmim, city (1986 pop. 70,602), E central Egypt, on the Nile. Textiles and handicrafts are manufactured; grain, dates, and cotton are processed. The ancient Chemmis and Panopolis, the city wa...

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