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Columbia Encyclopedia entry: island
Island, relatively small body of land surrounded entirely by water. (As the oceans form a continuous mass of water on the earth's surface, all continents are islands in the strict sense of the word.) The largest islands on earth are, in descending order of size, Greenland, New Guinea, Borneo, Madagascar, Baffin Island, Sumatra, Honshu (largest of the islands of Japan), and Great Britain. Depending on their origin, islands are either continental or oceanic. Continental islands are created by rise in sea level where only the summits of coastal highlands remain above water; or by the sea breaking through an isthmus or peninsula and cutting the land from the mainland. Typical continental islands are Great Britain and Martha's Vineyard. Other islands emerge along coasts as barrier islands, such as the Outer Banks, off North Carolina. Oceanic islands can result from volcanic islands rising above the water, especially on or near a mid-ocean ridge, as when the island of Surtsey appeared along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge S of Iceland in 1963. Island arcs, such as the Aleutian Islands, result from magmatic activity associated with the convergence of lithospheric plates (see plate tectonics). Oceanic islands may also be the emergent tips of volcanoes (seamounts) formed by hotspots. Oceanic islands that result from coral growth on the summit of seamounts are called coral islands or atolls (see coral reefs). These low islands only occur in tropical ocean areas. Oceanic islands are generally characterized by low faunal diversity, consisting of a few sea birds and insects. Vegetation is usually more abundant, as seeds are carried from remote lands by wind, water currents, and birds.
Wikipedia search results for: Island
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
An island or isle is any piece of land that is surrounded by water. Very small islands such as emergent land features on atolls are called islets. A key or cay is another name for a small island or islet. An island in a river or lake may be called an eyot,. There are two main types of islands: continental islands and oceanic islands. There are also artificial islands. A grouping of geographically and/or geologically related islands is called an archipelago. The word island comes from Old English igland. However, the spelling of the word was modified in the 15th century by association with the etymologi...more »
Columbia Encyclopedia search results: island
Results 1 - 10  of 2,441
  • Augustine Island

    Augustine Island

  • West Island

    West Island, island (est. pop. 120), capital of the Cocos Islands, an Australian territory. One of three inhabited islands in the group, its population is mainly Australians of European descen...

  • Komandorski Islands

    Komandorski Islands or Commander Islands, Rus. Komandorskiye Ostrova, group of treeless islands, off E Kamchatka Peninsula, E Russian Far East, in SW Bering Sea. They consist of Bering Island,...

  • Elizabeth Islands

    Elizabeth Islands, chain of small islands off Cape Cod that form the southern boundary of Buzzards Bay; SE Mass. Naushon is the largest island. Cuttyhunk Island was settled in 1641 and has a U...

  • Batan Islands

    Batan Islands, island group, 76 sq mi (197 sq km), northernmost of the Philippine islands. They include the islands of Itbayat, Batan, Sabtang, and a number of islets, and comprise the provinc...

  • Dongsha Island

    Dongsha Island, formerly Pratas Island, in the South China Sea, administered by Hainan prov., SE China. The island has guano deposits. It was occupied by the Japanese in 1907–9 and again in 19...

  • Goat Island

    Goat Island. 1 Former name of Yerba Buena Island, San Fransisco Bay, Calif. 2 Island, W N.Y., in the Niagara River, dividing Niagara Falls into the American and the Canadian falls.

  • Ross Island

    Ross Island, in the Ross Sea, Antarctica, on the edge of the Ross Ice Shelf. Part of the Ross Dependency, the island is separated from Victoria Land by McMurdo Sound. Mt. Erebus, an active vol...

  • Leeward Islands

    Leeward Islands, northern group of the Lesser Antilles in the West Indies, extending SE from Puerto Rico to the Windward Islands. The principal islands are the American Virgin Islands; the Fre...

  • Chatham Islands

    Chatham Islands, island group, 373 sq mi (966 sq km), South Pacific, c.500 mi (800 km) E of New Zealand, to which it belongs. The two largest islands are Chatham Island, which has a large cent...

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