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Columbia Encyclopedia entry: Shandong

Shandong or Shantungboth: shän-doong [east of the (Taishan) mountains], province (1994 est. pop. 86,520,000), c.59,000 sq mi (152,850 sq km), NE China. Jinan is the capital. The eastern half of the province is a peninsula, situated between the Bohai on the north and the Yellow Sea on the east and south. The mountain chain that forms the Liaodong peninsula in Manchuria continues into east and central Shandong. The western portion of the province, a level area, is part of the delta of the Huang He (Yellow River), which crosses Shandong to empty into the Bohai. Although the soil is very fertile, rainfall is inadequate, and famines used to occur. Much of the land has been reclaimed, however, and half of the province is now under cultivation. Shandong is an important wheat-producing and cotton-producing province; sorghum, millet, corn, soybeans, peanuts, sweet potatoes, rice, fruits, and tobacco are also grown. Livestock raising is an important industry, and pongee silk is produced by wild silkworms fed on oak leaves. Fishing is excellent along the rocky coast and offshore islands. Salt is also produced in the province. Oil, extracted near the mouth of the Huang He (Yellow River), has become a vital component of the provincial economy. Abundant coal and iron reserves are also exploited, and Shandong has deposits of gold, copper, and kaolin. Qingdao and Jinan are leading light- and heavy-industrial centers. Jinan is on the north-south railway system that connects Shanghai and Nanjing with Tianjin; a branch line extends to Qingdao and Yantai. There are many paved roads throughout the province. Strategically located near Manchuria and with excellent harbors, Shandong has often been subjected to foreign encroachment. Kiaochow (Jiaozhou) was held by Germany until 1914 and by Japan until 1922, and Great Britain leased the territory of Weihaiwei from 1898 to 1930. In recent years many Chinese have migrated from Shandong to Manchuria to escape extreme overcrowding. Shandong is venerated by the Chinese as the birthplace of the ancient philosophers Confucius and Mencius, and as the site of Tai, a sacred peak. Shandong Univ. is in Jinan.

Wikipedia search results for: Shandong

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For the people of Shandong, see Shandong people is a coastal province of eastern People's Republic of China. Its abbreviation is Lǔ, after the state of Lu that existed here during the Spring and Autumn Period. The name Shandong literally means "mountain's east", which refers to the province's location east of the Taihang Mountains. The province is located in the lower reaches of the Huang He and extends out to sea in the form of the Shandong Peninsula. Shandong borders the Bohai Sea to the north, Hebei to the northwest, Henan to the west, Jiangsu to the south, and the Yellow Sea to the southeast; it also shares a very short border...more »

Columbia Encyclopedia search results: Shandong

Results 1 - 10 of 20

Yantai
Yantai or Chefoo, city (1994 est. pop. 791,000), N Shandong prov., China. Shandong's largest fishing port, it has a variety of light industries. The city also has fruit orchards, and wine and ...
Weihai
Weihai or Weihaiwei, city (1994 est. pop. 184,500), NE Shandong prov., China, a seaport on the Bohai. The harbor is protected by Liugong Island. The city was part of a territory (c.285 sq mi/7...
Xuzhou
Xuzhou or Suchow, city (1994 est. pop. 879,800), N Jiangsu prov., E central China. It is a rail center at the junction of railroads serving Jiangsu, Shandong, Anhui, and Hunan provs. It also h...
Jinan
Jinan or Tsinan, city (1994 est. pop. 1,659,900), capital of Shandong prov., E China. It lies 3 mi (4.8 km) S of the Huang He (Yellow River) and is a railroad junction on the network linking S...
Bohai
Bohai or Po Hai, arm of the Yellow Sea, indenting the coast of N China; bordered by Shandong, Hebei, and Liaoning provs. and Tianjin Municipality; the Liaodong Gulf is its northeast extension....
Kiaochow
Kiaochow or Jiaozhou, former German territory, area c.200 sq mi (520 sq km), along the southern coast of Shandong prov., China. Its administrative center was the city of Qingdao. Germany lease...
Taishan
Taishan or Tai, peak, 5,069 ft (1,545 m) high, W Shandong prov., E China. Located in the homeland of Confucius, it is China's most sacred mountain. In ancient times it was believed that Taisha...
Qingdao
Qingdao or Tsingtao, city (1994 est. pop. 1,584,100), SE Shandong prov., E China, on the Yellow Sea. With an excellent ice-free harbor, it is a major fishing and trade port of China, connected...
Twenty-one Demands
Twenty-one Demands (1915), instrument by which Japan secured temporary hegemony over China. Japan used its declaration of war against Germany (Aug., 1914) as grounds for invading Kiaochow, the...
Chuang-tzu
Chuang-tzu or Chuang-tze, c.369–c.286 B.C., Chinese Taoist writer. Little is known about his life. He was a native of the state of Meng, on the border of present-day Shandong and Henan provinc...

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