Scipio Africanus Minor (Publius Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus Africanus Numantinus), c.185–129 B.C., Roman general, destroyer of Carthage. He was the son of Aemilius Paullus, under whom he fough...

Scipio, ancient Roman family of the Cornelian gens. They were patricians. During the 3d and 2d cent. B.C. they were distinguished by their love of Greek culture and learning. Their wealth and ...

Ilipa, ancient town of Spain, near the modern Seville. Here Scipio Africanus Major defeated (206 B.C.) the Carthaginian forces after Hasdrubal had fled to Gaul. The overthrow of Carthaginian p...

Laelius, Caius, d. c.160 B.C., Roman general, consul in 190 B.C. He was the intimate friend and companion of Scipio Africanus Major from youth, and he held command under him in numerous campai...

Zama, ancient town near the northern coast of Africa, in present Tunisia. Although there was more than one town named Zama, tradition says that in 202 B.C. Scipio Africanus Major defeated Hann...

Cornelia, fl. 2d cent. B.C., Roman matron, daughter of Scipio Africanus Major. She was the wife of Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus and mother of the Gracchi. She refused to remarry after her husb...

Lilybaeum, ancient city of Sicily, on the extreme western coast. It is the modern Marsala. It was founded (396 B.C.) by Carthage and became a stronghold. In the First Punic War it resisted a l...

Hasdrubal, d. 207 B.C., Carthaginian general; son of Hamilcar Barca. During the Second Punic War (see Punic Wars), his brother Hannibal, on leaving for Italy, made Hasdrubal commander in Spain...

Cartagena, Lat. Carthago Nova, city (1990 pop. 175,966), Murcia prov., SE Spain, on the Mediterranean Sea. A major seaport and naval base, it has a fine natural harbor, protected by forts, wit...

Masinissa or Massinissa, c.238–148 B.C., king of Numidia. He succeeded (c.207 B.C.) his father as king of E Numidia. Brought up in Carthage, he fought in a Carthaginian campaign in Spain in th...