Ernest I, 1784–1844, duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (see under Saxe-Coburg); brother of Leopold I of Belgium, uncle of Queen Victoria of England, and father of Victoria's consort, Prince Albert. He...

Petermann, August Heinrich, 1822–78, German geographer, an authority on the geography of Africa and the Arctic. He had (1847–54) a cartographical establishment in London and in 1854 became dir...

Stieler, Adolf, 1775–1836, German cartographer. He worked most of his life in the Justus Perthes Geographical Institution, Gotha, which published his general atlas (1817–22; 10th ed. tr. 1934–...

Encke, Johann Franz, 1791–1865, German astronomer. He was assistant (1816–22) and director (1822–25) of the observatory at Seeberg (near Gotha) and director (from 1825) of the Berlin Observato...

Eckhart, Meister (Johannes Eckhardt), c.1260–c.1328, German mystical theologian, b. Hochheim, near Gotha. He studied and taught in the chief Dominican schools, notably at Paris, Strasbourg, an...

Coburg, city (1994 pop. 45,980), Bavaria, central W Germany, on the Itz River. Coburg's indsutries include lumber and paper milling, brewing, and the manufacture of glass, machinery, electroch...

Saxe-Meiningen, Ger. Sachsen-Meiningen, former duchy, Thuringia, central Germany. The capital was Meiningen. A possession of the Ernestine branch of the house of Wettin, it became a separate d...

Saxe-Weimar, Ger. Sachsen-Weimar, former duchy, Thuringia, central Germany. The area passed in the division of 1485 to the Ernestine branch of the Wettin dynasty and remained with that branch ...

Saalfeld, city (1994 pop. 31,981), Thuringia, E central Germany, on the Thüringer Saale River. Manufactures include machinery, chocolate, and dyes. Iron is mined and slate is quarried nearby. ...

Saxe-Gotha, Ger. Sachsen-Gotha, former duchy, Thuringia, central Germany. A possession of the Ernestine branch of the house of Wettin, it passed in the 16th cent. to the dukes of Saxe-Weimar. ...