Engels, Friedrich, 1820–95, German socialist; with Karl Marx, one of the founders of modern Communism. The son of a wealthy Rhenish textile manufacturer, Engels went in 1842 to take a position...

Engel, Marian, 1933–85, Canadian novelist. Widely considered one of Canada's major modern writers, she is particularly noted for work reflecting a strongly feminist approach. Engel's best-know...

Dialectical materialism, official philosophy of Communism, based on the writings of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, as elaborated by G. V. Plekhanov, V. I. Lenin, and Joseph Stalin. In theory ...

Hess, Moses, 1812–75, German socialist. He was responsible for converting Engels to Communism, and he early introduced Marx to social and economic problems. Hess played a prominent role in tra...

, 1852–1918, Austrian socialist politician and journalist, founder and leader of the Austrian Social Democratic party. Initially a German nationalist, he became a Socialist after meeting Engel...

Dühring, Eugen Karl, 1833–1921, German philosopher and economist. He practiced law in Berlin until blindness threatened him and then became (1864) docent at the Univ. of Berlin. He was unable ...

Marx, Karl, 1818–83, German social philosopher, the chief theorist of modern socialism and communism. Marx's father, a lawyer, converted from Judaism to Lutheranism in 1824. Marx studied law a...

Zuckmayer, Carl, 1896–1977, German dramatist. Zuckmayer devoted himself to writing after the success of his comedy Der fröhliche Weinberg [the merry vineyard] (1925). During World War II he li...

Dialectic [Gr.,= art of conversation], in philosophy, term originally applied to the method of philosophizing by means of question and answer employed by certain ancient philosophers, notably ...

Eberhart, Richard, 1904–2005, American poet, b. Austin, Minn., grad. Dartmouth (1926) and Cambridge (1929, 1933). He taught at various universities before becoming a professor at Dartmouth (19...