Portoferraio, town (1991 pop. 11,042), Tuscany, Italy, on the north coast of Elba Island. The principal port of Elba, it handles most of the iron shipped from the island. It is also a seaside ...

Hundred Days, name given to the period after the return of the deposed French emperor, Napoleon I, from Elba. The Hundred Days are counted from Mar. 20, 1815, when Napoleon arrived in Paris, t...

Cannes, town (1991 pop. 69,363), Alpes-Maritimes dept., SE France. An important and fashionable resort on the French Riviera, Cannes also has shipbuilding and textile industries. Napoleon I la...

Grouchy, Emmanuel, marquis de, 1766–1847, French general in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars. He was made a marshal after Napoleon's return from Elba during the Hundred Days. His q...

Ligurian Sea, arm of the Mediterranean Sea, between the Ligurian coast (Italian Riviera) and the islands of Corsica and Elba; the Gulf of Genoa is its northernmost part. The sea receives the A...

Waterloo campaign, last action of the Napoleonic Wars, ending with the battle of Waterloo. Napoleon I, who escaped from Elba in Feb., 1815, and entered Paris on Mar. 20, soon faced a European ...

Anagram [Gr.,=something read backward], rearrangement of the letters of a word or words to make another word or other words. A famous Latin anagram was an answer made out of a question asked b...

Berthier, Louis Alexandre, 1753–1815, marshal of France. He served in the American Revolution and in the French Revolutionary Wars, distinguishing himself under Napoleon in Italy, where he ser...

Ney, Michel, 1769–1815, marshal of France. Called the bravest of the brave by Napoleon I, Ney, a cooper's son from Saarlouis, rapidly rose to glory in the French Revolution. He distinguished h...

Tourmaline, complex borosilicate mineral with varying amounts of aluminum, iron, magnesium, sodium, lithium, potassium, and sometimes other elements, used as a gem. It occurs in prismatic crys...