Pedro I (Dom Pedro de Alcântara), 1798–1834, first emperor of Brazil (1822–31); son of John VI of Portugal. Dom Pedro was a child when the Portuguese royal family, fleeing from Napoleon's conq...

Alfonso V, 1432–81, king of Portugal (1438–81), son of Duarte and Queen Leonor. During his minority there was a struggle for the regency between the queen mother and Alfonso's uncle, Dom Pedro...

Guerra Junqueiro, Abílio, 1850–1923, Portuguese poet. A revolutionary, he wrote violent satiric poems attacking conservatism, romanticism, and the Church. Typical are A morte de Dom Jõas (1874...

Castro, Inés de, or Inez de Castro, d. 1355, Spanish noblewoman, a celebrated beauty, and a tragic figure in Portuguese history. She went (1340) to Portugal as a lady in waiting to Constance o...

Pedro II (Dom Pedro II de Alcântara), 1825–91, emperor of Brazil (1831–89). At the age of five, he succeeded under a regency when his father, Pedro I, abdicated. He was declared of age in 1840...

Champagne, sparkling white wine made from grapes grown in the old French province of Champagne. The best champagne is from that part of the Marne valley whose apex is Reims, the center of the ...

Oporto, Port. Pôrto, city (1991 pop. 310,600), capital of Porto dist. and Douro Litoral, NW Portugal, near the mouth of the Douro River. It is Portugal's second largest city, after Lisbon, and...

Petrópolis, city (1996 pop. 267,704), Rio de Janeiro state, SE Brazil, picturesquely situated in hills just N of Rio de Janeiro. It is a fashionable resort, with a healthful climate, beautiful...

Silva, Antonio José da, 1705–39, Portuguese playwright, b. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. He belonged to a family of New Christians (Jews forced to convert), suspected of remaining secretly loyal to ...

Machado de Assis, Joaquim Maria, 1839–1908, Brazilian novelist, b. Rio de Janeiro. The grandson of African slaves, he was educated by a priest and became a typesetter, a proofreader, and final...