Cali, city (1993 pop. 1,641,498), capital of Valle del Cauca dept., W Colombia, on the Cali River. It is an industrial and commercial center of the upper Cauca valley. Coffee, cotton, sugarcan...

Popayán, city (1993 pop. 169,423), alt. 5,500 ft (1,676 m), capital of Cauca dept., SW Colombia, on a volcanic terrace high above the Cauca River. It produces textiles and foodstuffs. Popayán ...

Pereira, city (1993 pop. 348,023), capital of Risaralda dept., W central Colombia, in the upper Cauca valley. It is a major distribution center for coffee and cattle and has a small textile in...

Ibagué, city (1993 pop. 340,191), alt. 4,300 ft (1,311 m), capital of Tolima dept., W central Colombia. It is a major commercial center for the Magdalena and Cauca valleys. Coffee, flour, and ...

Palmira, city (1993 pop. 196,213), W Colombia, an agricultural center and second largest city in Valle de Cauca department. Palmira is known as the agricultural capital of Colombia. The city g...

Buenaventura, city (1993 pop. 194,727), W Colombia, a port on the Pacific Ocean. The city, located on Cascajal Island in Buenaventura Bay, is the shipping point for the coffee, cotton, and sug...

Isaacs, Jorge, 1837–95, Colombian novelist. The son of a prosperous Englishman and a creole, Isaacs witnessed the ruin and premature death of his parents and the despoilment of his estate by c...

Mosquera, Tomás Cipriano de, 1798–1878, Colombian general and president. He first gained attention by his service in the war against Spain. As president (1845–49), he began as a conservative b...

Magdalena, river, c.1,000 mi (1,600 km) long, rising in the Cordillera Central, SW Colombia and flowing N to the Caribbean Sea near Barranquilla. It flows in a fault-block valley (c.50 mi/80 k...

Andes, mountain system, more than 5,000 mi (8,000 km) long, W South America. The ranges run generally parallel to the Pacific coast and extend from Tierra del Fuego northward, across the equat...