John XXIII, 1881–1963, pope (1958–63), an Italian (b. Sotto il Monte, near Bergamo) named Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli; successor of Pius XII. He was of peasant stock. Educated at Bergamo and the ...

Giulini, Carlo Maria, 1914–2005, Italian conductor. A disciple of Arturo Toscanini, he was first known as a conductor of opera, debuting in Bergamo in 1950 and subsequently conducting chiefly ...

Castello, Giovanni Battista, c.1509–c.1569, Italian painter and architect; called Il Bergamasco to distinguish him from Bernardo Castello, who also worked in Genoa. Giovanni was born near Berg...

Bergamot [from Bergamo, Italy], citrus tree (Citrus bergamia) grown chiefly in Italy, belonging to the family Rutaceae (rue family). From the rind of the bergamot orange is extracted an essent...

Donizetti, Gaetano, 1797–1848, Italian composer. He studied music in Bergamo and Bologna and achieved success with his first opera, Enrico di Borgogna (1818). His early work was influenced by ...

Lombardy, Ital. Lombardia, region (1991 pop. 8,856,069), c.9,200 sq mi (23,830 sq km), N Italy, bordering on Switzerland in the north. Milan is the capital of the region, which is divided into...

Bramante, Donato, 1444–1514, Italian Renaissance architect and painter, b. near Urbino. His buildings in Rome are considered the most characteristic examples of High Renaissance style. In 1477...

Bergognone or Borgognone, fl. 1450–1523, Italian painter, known also as Ambrogio Stefani da Fossano. His most important works are the frescoes in the Certosa of Pavia. His luminous and often c...

Colleoni, Bartolomeo, 1400–1475, Italian soldier of fortune. A condottiere, Colleoni fought in the wars between Venice and Milan, often changing sides and distrusted by both. In 1454 he desert...

Ferri, Ciro, 1634–89, Italian baroque painter, etcher, and architect, the most celebrated pupil of Pietro da Cortona. He imitated Cortona's style with such success that he was employed to comp...